herpesviridae

..05). Immunohistochemistry for EBV or HHV-8 antigen showed viral antigen primarily in airway epithelial cells. These data support the concept that a herpesvirus could be a source of chronic antigenic stimulation in IPF...

..The former family Herpesviridae has been split into three families, which have been incorporated into the new order Herpesvirales...

..Sequence alignment of the large tegument proteins across the family Herpesviridae indicates conservation of key catalytic residues amongst these viruses...

..All the data obtained in the present study demonstrate that the skin, and not the gills, is the major portal of entry for KHV in carp...

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..The molecular biology of such interactions continues to engage virologists in their quest to understand viral replication and informs cell biologists about the role of the cytoskeleton in the uninfected cell...

..We discuss how these translational strategies have been incorporated into the virus life cycle and examine how such programming contributes to the pathogenesis of the host cell...

..We hypothesize that EMT in this model of virus-induced pulmonary fibrosis is driven by the expression of the transcription factor Twist...

..These findings show that cytosolic capsids are trafficked to the neuronal cell body and that viral egress in axons occurs after capsids are enshrouded in a membrane envelope...

..nonreplicative). Recent advances with regard to CyHV-3 provide a role for this virus in fundamental and applied research...

..Therefore, our data based on the genomic analysis suggest that DEV represents an osculant taxonomic entity within the Alphaherpesvirinae...

..The final tree obtained represents the most detailed view to date of phylogenetic relationships in any family of large-genome viruses...

..Gp48/ORF58 therefore represents a conserved module by which gamma-herpesviruses rearrange cellular actin to increase intercellular contacts and thereby promote their spread...

..Further studies are required to determine whether any correlation exists between their presence, implantation rate and the outcome of pregnancy...

..However, semen is not just a mere passive transporter of virions but also plays an active role in HIV-1 transmission through cytokines and other biological factors...

..The goal of this review is to explore these processes and to highlight potential future directions for this area of research...

..Thus, whereas the immune evasion capabilities and lifelong persistence of herpesviruses are commonly viewed as solely pathogenic, our data suggest that latency is a symbiotic relationship with immune benefits for the host...

..The former family Herpesviridae was elevated to a new order, the Herpesvirales, which now accommodates 3 families, 3 subfamilies, 17 genera ..

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..The sequencing data strongly suggest that these viruses are most likely cetacean specific and possibly have coevolved with their cetacean hosts...

..All attempts to study host range of HVOE1 failed as no virus replication was observed, indicating that infectivity was lost or the suitable cell culture was missing. The genomic DNA of HVOE1 was analyzed by DNA restriction endonucleases...

..of the fish and amphibian HVs (Alloherpesviridae) separate from the HVs of mammals, birds, and reptiles (Herpesviridae) and the single recognized HV of bivalve mollusks (Malacoherpesviridae) in the order Herpesvirales...

..The results demonstrate that OsHV1 is capable of infecting several bivalve species, and this raises the possibility that interspecies transmission may be promoted by intensive rearing in modern hatcheries...

..Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the DEV C-KCE strain is more closely related to Mardivirus in the alphaherpesvirus subfamily of the Herpesviridae.

..The availability of the KHV BAC is an important advance that will allow the study of viral genes involved in KHV pathogenesis, as well as the production of attenuated recombinant candidate vaccines...

..The current review gives an overview of both general and individual interactions of herpesviruses with Rho GTPase signaling...

..The virus regenerated from the BAC was very similar to the parental C-27 strain in vitro in terms of plaque morphology and growth characteristics and highly virulent in cats in a preliminary in vivo study...

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..analysed in order to determine the relatedness of koi herpesvirus (KHV) to three fish viruses in the family Herpesviridae: carp pox herpesvirus (Cyprinid herpesvirus 1, CyHV-1), haematopoietic necrosis herpesvirus of goldfish (..

..The antiserum was also suitable for the detection of pORF81 in sections of gills, kidneys, hepatopancreas and skin of KHV-infected carp by immunohistochemistry...

..In this review, we will cover the identification and characterization of miRNAs expressed in the herpesvirus family and discuss the potential significance of their role in viral infection...

..On the basis of subcellular location, UL24 appeared to be predominantly nuclear membrane-associated, especially at later times in infection, and provided a good tool to further study the biofunctions of UL24 protein...

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Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) is the only member of the Herpesviridae that has an invertebrate host and is associated with sporadic mortality in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and other bivalve species...

Our objective was to further understand the evolutionary position of duck enteritis virus (DEV) in the family Herpesviridae and to determine the genomic structure in the leftmost region of the unique long region (UL) of DEV.

..The described method, whilst proving successful for purifying a herpes-like virus from abalone, may also be applicable to other viruses from marine animals...

..Experimental infection using supernatant collected from minced visceral organs and muscle of moribund abalone induced 100 % mortality through both intramuscular injection and bath treatments...

..At a finer level, the structure of the capsid shell protein further suggests an element of common origin between herpesviruses and tailed DNA bacteriophages...

..animals from molluscs to men with a common virion morphology which have been classified into the families Herpesviridae, Alloherpesviridae and Malacoherpesviridae...

..Thus, a total of 41 isolates were obtained from PsHV cell cultivation in CEF, confirming the circulation of the virus between parrots kept in captivity in Belo Horizonte, and affirming the importance of further studies in this area...

..This 'BAC system' has opened new avenues for reverse and forward genetics of herpesviruses in basic research and in vector development for human therapy. Here we describe the principle of the 'BAC system' in herpesvirus researches...

..These findings increase the number of known species of birds of prey that are susceptible to CoHV-1 infection and indicate that rock pigeons (Columbia livia) should not be included in the diet of captive Australian birds of prey...

..02) with Human herpesvirus 1 (herpes simplex virus 1 or HSV-1). This is the first report of a herpes simplex-like infection in a stranded dolphin...

..Therefore, this study extends the group of herpesviruses interacting with heparinlike moieties at the cell surface to a member of the gammaherpesvirinae subfamily...

..It is highly likely that these newly emerging T-cell-based therapeutic and diagnostic technologies will revolutionize the clinical management of patients with herpesvirus-associated diseases...

Conserved herpesviral protein kinases (CHPKs) are a group of enzymes conserved throughout all subfamilies of Herpesviridae. Members of this group are serine/threonine protein kinases that are likely to play a conserved role in viral ..

..The usefulness of the multiplex PCR was demonstrated by re-investigation of liver samples from young racing pigeons previously tested positive by uniplex PCRs...

..PCR results provide evidence that this disease is transmitted to raptors via Rock Pigeons, most likely through ingestion of Rock Pigeons as prey...

..To our knowledge, this is the first report of a cetacean co-infected by dolphin morbillivirus and herpesvirus with evidence of lesions attributable to both viruses...

..The applications of this RT multiplex PCR assay are extensive and may prove to be particularly valuable for the rapid and sensitive diagnosis of neurological diseases in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients...

..Koi surviving infection at 62 to 64 d post virus exposure contained lower KHV genome copies (up to 1.99 x 10(2) per 10(6) host cells) as present in gill, kidney or brain tissues...

..Human herpesviruses may cause infections of the central nervous system (CNS). The early diagnosis of herpesvirus-associated neurological diseases is of high importance...

..The sequence of a PCR amplicon had 99.7% homology to Columbid herpesvirus-1...

..The structure of gp42 reported by Kirschner etal. (2009) in this issue of Structure suggests a likely triggering mechanism substantially different from that of a related herpesvirus...

..The detection limit using LAMP was found to be similar to that by polymerase chain reaction. In this study, we have developed a highly sensitive and rapid diagnostic procedure for detection of KHV infection in common carp...

Members of the human herpesviridae family are candidates for representing the macroenvironmental factors associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis...

..These interactions, either known or potential, will be the focus of this review...

..This is the first report of herpesvirus infection in turbot in Norway...

..The present study showed severe losses after a waterborne KHV infection of between 35% and 100% in koi x goldfish and koi x crucian carp hybrids as well as in SPF carp...

..Sequence analysis of amplified fragment resulting from this PCR is different from all known herpesviruses and can therefore distinguish PHV from all known viruses...

..The assay detects CyHV-2 not just in clinical cases of HVHN but also in apparently healthy 1 yr old goldfish fingerlings and even in 3 to 5 yr old broodfish...

..The fact that anti-virus antibodies neutralize in vitro the pathogenic effects of the virus emphasizes the central role probably played by the antibodies in anti-CyHV-3 protection in vivo...

..The implications of these findings in herpesvirus taxonomy are discussed...

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..Phylogenetic analysis, albeit limited, confirms this assumption and places TLEV within the family of Herpesviridae and distantly from the families Alloherpesviridae and Iridoviridae...

..nm in diameter surrounded by an envelope with a diameter of 227 nm (n = 20) typical for members of the family Herpesviridae. Virions of IcmHV purified from infected CCO cells contained 17 polypeptides ranging in size from 17...

..Additionally, we documented the level of vertical transmission of CCV. Fry from the 4 positive spawns had a CCV prevalence of 40 to 75 %...

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..These results indicate that CyHV-3 is not restricted to common carp and koi, but other cyprinids are also vulnerable to the virus...

..The nested PCR test detected CyHV-3 DNA at a 10-fold lower concentration than a routinely used, 1-round test. Hence, the new method should provide more sensitive diagnosis of CyHV-3 infection among koi and carp populations...

..These observations support the inclusion of KHV in the family Herpesviridae.

..In response to CCV, Mx1 transcription was not significantly elevated until day 3 post-challenge, but remained elevated in certain organs until day 7...

..In short, the DEV US3-like gene and its in vivo protein expression were found for the first time, and DEV classification and the gene's functions were suggested...

..in the large tegument protein of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), is conserved across all members of the Herpesviridae. Whether this conservation is indicative of an essential function of the enzyme in vivo has not yet been ..

..This review highlights the alphaherpesvirus, specifically herpes simplex virus type 1 and varicella-zoster virus, and describes the characteristics of latent infection...

..Phylogenetic analysis of the DEV gC gene revealed that the gC gene had a close evolutionary relationship with the subfamily of Alphaherpesvirinae...

..Progress in all these domains is essential for the development of new treatment strategies to eradicate viruses and to correct the virus-induced dysfunction of the endocrine system...

..Also, blood-borne herpesvirus from healthy persistently infected blood donors can lead to active primary infection of immunocompromised transfusion recipients...

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..The account focuses naturally on places where the grasp is secure, but also ventures where the bark is slippery and looks out on regions where footholds have not yet been established...

..The described approach should be generally applicable to the mutagenesis of genomes of other large DNA viruses...

..The reactivation of DEV occurred without any clinical evidence of the disease, but the virus was detected in PBL and CSs. We conclude from this study that DEV establishes latency in TG and lymphoid tissues including PBL...

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..2005). Although one of the unique features of Herpesviridae, the sister family of Herpesvirales, is latent infection, it has not been demonstrated consistently that KHV ..

..This analysis brings out a few interesting extensions of the scan statistics that can help formulate an algorithm for more accurate prediction of replication origins...

..1-gC DNA vaccine in infected ducks by TaqMan fluorescent quantitative real-time PCR assay (FQ-PCR) with pcDNA3.1-gC plasmid...

..Such genetic variations are a characteristic feature of mucin genes and are linked to crossing-over events between internal repeated sequences, such as those present in gene 50...

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..Use of this technique could lead to new developments in clinical virology and basic virology research, and increase the usage of viral genomes as investigative tools and vectors...

..4-95.2 %) at 28 degrees C. Mortality (85.0 %) also occurred at 18 degrees C but not at 13 degrees C. Shifting virus-exposed fish from 13-23 degrees C resulted in the rapid onset of mortality...

..Subsequently, we established Dot-ELISA using the polyclonal antibody and applied it to DPV detection...

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..Since kittens are normally infected with wtFeHV-1 prior to the first immunization, the data described in this study may be valuable for designing future live attenuated FeHV-1 vaccines...

We used complete sequence data from 30 complete Herpesviridae genomes to investigate phylogenetic relationships and patterns of genome evolution...

..Recombinant human alpha-interferon was given orally to 3 cats in conjunction with topical administration of antiviral agents. In addition to medical treatment, 4 cats were treated surgically.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)..

..A list of predicted locations of replication origins in all the known herpesviruses with complete genome sequences is reported...

The viruses of the Herpesviridae family, in particular herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), are responsible ..

..Manipulation of herpesvirus genomes is now feasible using the powerful techniques of bacterial genetics, and should facilitate a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of herpesvirus infections...

..N&N proposes to develop N-MCT as a therapeutic against the Herpesviridae, Papillomaviridae and Poxviridae genera of Class I dsDNA viruses, which include HSV-1, HSV-2, HSV-8, VZV, EBV, ..

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..provided by applicant): Diseases associated with the Poxviridae (smallpox, vaccinia and cowpox viruses), and Herpesviridae (HSV-1, HSV-2, HSV-8, VZV, EBV) dsDNA viruses represent major worldwide public health problems...

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A number of viruses, including members of the Herpesviridae, can cause tumors in their hosts...

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..This research will analyze the function and regulation of viral proteins involved in establishing infection and assembling new virus particles, and thus may identify novel targets for anti-HCMV therapies. ..

..Selected targets will be validated and the effect of their knockdown on virus replication determined. These experiments will uncover additional cell proteins or networks that could be targets for anti-viral therapeutic strategies. ..

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..Specific inhibitors of virus-induced RNA destabilization might therefore be of value as broad-spectrum antivirals. This work is therefore of broad interest and application. ..

..S. population together with the medical and psychological impacts of the disease make HSV-2 an important candidate for the development of an effective vaccine that can prevent infection or disease. ..

..The goal of this research is to characterize the latency associated transcript gene (LAT) region and investigate the role of LAT during latency in a natural host model system. . ..

..The results should provide a scientific basis for developing novel strategies to prevent and treat recurrent HIV and herpesviral infections in HIV/AIDS patients simultaneously. ..

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..Thus, an understanding of viral and host cell interactions leading to VZV latency and reactivation will provide the basis for strategies to prevent serious neurological disease caused by VZV. ..

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..Finally, we wish to investigate how the increasing internal DNA pressure regulates the dynamics of the motor during packaging. ..

..Several orf36 functions are conserved in other gammaherpesviral kinases;thus, the results of our studies are expected to translate to human pathogens. ..

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..This conference is one of the few that will bring together these groups of investigators to freely share ideas and develop areas of future collaboration. ..

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..Thus, this collaborative project integrates the PI's expertise in KSHV and RRV, with Dr. Desrosiers'expertise in vaccine design and development, and the use of primate infection models for RRV. ..

..My research may suggest new therapeutic targets that will result in new treatments to stop the virus from gaining entry into its favorite target cells. ..

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..The experiments proposed here will help identify and characterize as yet poorly understood players in antigen presentation, and will thus open up new areas for experimental manipulation of immune responses in health and disease. ..

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..Successful completion of the proposed aims will provide the foundation for the development of treatments to prevent or reverse the life-threatening consequences of chronic CNS infections caused by viruses. ..

..The goal of the proposed research is to study assembly of the virus capsid with the aim of identifying novel targets against which small molecule inhibitors might be directed. ..

..The research proposed should not only provide information that could aid in drug discovery and understanding how viruses become resistant to current drugs, but aims directly to discover new anti-herpesvirus drugs. ..

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..The main goal of this work is to determine exposure to AZT during pregnancy causes mutations in the P53 tumor suppressor that can be involved in the progression of cancer. ..

..We anticipate that our trainees will be uniquely well prepared to lead translational investigative programs in pediatric infectious diseases in their academic research careers. ..

..We have established a highly interactive group of virologists and autoimmune disease specialists as collaborators to assist in the experimental approach and data analysis. ..

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..This proposal is to study how EBV manipulates the infected cell to avoid the immune response (host defenses) and enhance its own replication. ..

..HHV-6 also reactivates in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients, resulting in poor neurocognitive outcome and can result in acute limbic encephalitis (3,4). ..

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..The research proposed should not only provide information that could aid in understanding drug targets and mechanisms, but aims directly to discover new anti-HCMV drugs. ..

..The study aims to new therapeutic strategies to block KSHV replication and treat KSHV-associated human diseases. ..

..translocation, Golgi stabilization, Golgi trafficking, virion incorporation and protein-protein interactions This analysis will identify domains of the proteins that have the potential to be used as targets for antiviral intervention ..

The 3-herpesviridae includes widespread, important human pathogens like Epstein-Barr virus which causes infectious mononucleosis and malignant tumors of lymphoid and epithelial tissues and Kaposi Sarcoma virus, which causes Kaposi ..

..Our technical approaches and biological insights will be transformative in the study of viruses, not only in biochemically purified states, but also in their native cellular environments. ..

..Aim 3: To define molecular differences between MPyV-specific memory T cells recruited during acute and persistent infection. ..

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..We will test both of these hypotheses using a combination of genetic and biochemical approaches. ..

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..The current available antivirals target viral DNA synthesis, which can cause cross-resistance when treating patients. ..

..My research may suggest new treatments to stop the virus from gaining entry into its favorite target cells. ..

..They will also increase our overall knowledge of fundamental mechanisms in replication and recombination. ..

..This proposal focuses on understanding the cellular mechanisms used by herpesviruses to spread within the nervous system and cause disease, with the long term goal of developing new treatments to intervene with disease progression. ..

..Cellular assays will include ELISPOT, intracellular cytokine staining, and 10-color flow cytometry. Antibody assays will include ELISA and neutralization assays for SIV and HSV. ..

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..Such a long-term result would improve the quality of life and economic welfare of target populations that span many disease conditions. ..

..The data generated will advance the field by enhancing our understanding of gamma-herpesvirus latency to facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for the human gamma-herpesviruses. ..

..We hypothesize that HCMV miRNA repression of viral replication is related to NFkB activation through the IL-1 and TNF-[unreadable] pathways. ..

..functional properties of proteins involved in the process of DNA cleavage and packaging for VZV, and for the Herpesviridae in general...

..This assay will be used to screen libraries of small molecules and natural products. "Hits" will be assayed for specificity, and for anti-HCMV activity and cytotoxicity, and then studied for their mechanisms of action. ..

..It is also possible that these studies will lead to novel strategies for therapeutic modalities to prevent or treat herpesvirus infections. ..

..Our work has strong clinical significance, as each step in the fusion pathway is a potential target for therapeutics and vaccines against HSV-mediated disease. ..

..This research has the potential to not only shed new light on HIV-1 pathogenesis but also suggest new approaches to inhibit virus replication. ..

..This proposal focuses on understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie the assembly and egress of herpesvirus particles, with the long- term goal of identifying new targets for the intervention of disease progression. ..

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..entry and cell-cell spread, membrane proteins, pathogenesis and latency, DNA replication, vaccination and the immune response, transcriptional control, regulation of gene expression, chemotherapeutic targets, and virus gene therapy, ..

..Findings of these studies will have far-reaching implications for understanding pathogenic mechanisms of herpesviruses and form a foundation for developing novel strategies to arrest cell-cell spread of retinal herpesvirus infections. ..

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..These studies will also give me the opportunity to develop the required skills to perform clinical research and to reach my long term goal; to become an independent investigator in an academic institution. ..

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..Studies will also be performed to identify how components of the DNA packaging machinery are assembled on the capsid surface prior to their functining in DNA translocation (aim 4). ..

..All of the inhibitors that block PF-8/Pol-8 DNA synthesis in vitro will be tested for their abilities to block KSHV infection. ..

..In Aim 3, the expression patterns of BHRF1 and BALF1 during virus infections will be explored by inserting tags into the their reading frames within the Epstein-Barr virus genome. ..

..The results from these studies should have implications beyond the avian system and provide fundamental knowledge about retroviral replication, oncogenesis as well as cell regulation. ..

..Recognize and encourage young investigators and 3. Highlight new developments in the field and identify areas for future investigation. ..