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| lymphocyte activationSummarySummary: Morphologic alteration of small lymphocytes in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific antigens. It may also occur in vivo, as in GRAFT REJECTION and chronic myelogenous leukemia (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC). Top Publications
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Publications
HIV nonprogressors preferentially maintain highly functional HIV-specific CD8+ T cells
Michael R Betts
Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Blood 107:4781-9. 2006..Thus, rather than quantity or phenotype, the quality of the CD8(+) T-cell functional response serves as an immune correlate of HIV disease progression and a potential qualifying factor for evaluation of HIV vaccine efficacy...Two subsets of memory T lymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effector functions
F Sallusto
Basel Institute for Immunology, Switzerland
Nature 401:708-12. 1999....Up on the tightrope: natural killer cell activation and inhibition
Lewis L Lanier
Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Cancer Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143 0414, USA
Nat Immunol 9:495-502. 2008....Conversion of peripheral CD4+CD25- naive T cells to CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells by TGF-beta induction of transcription factor Foxp3
Wanjun Chen
Cellular Immunology Section, Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
J Exp Med 198:1875-86. 2003..Finally, in a murine asthma model, coadministration of these TGF-beta-induced suppressor T cells prevented house dust mite-induced allergic pathogenesis in lungs...Specific recruitment of regulatory T cells in ovarian carcinoma fosters immune privilege and predicts reduced survival
Tyler J Curiel
Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Nat Med 10:942-9. 2004..This specific recruitment of T(reg) cells represents a mechanism by which tumors may foster immune privilege. Thus, blocking T(reg) cell migration or function may help to defeat human cancer...CTLA-4 control over Foxp3+ regulatory T cell function
Kajsa Wing
Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606 8507, Japan
Science 322:271-5. 2008..Thus, natural Tregs may critically require CTLA-4 to suppress immune responses by affecting the potency of antigen-presenting cells to activate other T cells...Immunobiology of dendritic cells
J Banchereau
Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, Texas 75204, USA
Annu Rev Immunol 18:767-811. 2000..Although our understanding of DC biology is still in its infancy, we are now beginning to use DC-based immunotherapy protocols to elicit immunity against cancer and infectious diseases...Control of regulatory T cell development by the transcription factor Foxp3
Shohei Hori
Laboratory of Immunopathology, Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Institute for Physical and Chemical Research, Yokohama 230 0045, Japan
Science 299:1057-61. 2003..Thus, Foxp3 is a key regulatory gene for the development of regulatory T cells...Regulation of the germinal center response by microRNA-155
To Ha Thai
CBR Institute for Biomedical Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Science 316:604-8. 2007..miR-155 exerts this control, at least in part, by regulating cytokine production. These results also suggest that individual microRNAs can exert critical control over mammalian differentiation processes in vivo...Regulatory T cells prevent catastrophic autoimmunity throughout the lifespan of mice
Jeong M Kim
Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
Nat Immunol 8:191-7. 2007..We suggest that self-reactive T cells are continuously suppressed by T(reg) cells and that when suppression is relieved, self-reactive T cells become activated and facilitate accelerated maturation of dendritic cells...Reciprocal TH17 and regulatory T cell differentiation mediated by retinoic acid
Daniel Mucida
La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
Science 317:256-60. 2007..These findings indicate that a common metabolite can regulate the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory immunity...The biology of NKT cells
Albert Bendelac
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Committee on Immunology, Department of Pathology University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
Annu Rev Immunol 25:297-336. 2007....Chromatin-IgG complexes activate B cells by dual engagement of IgM and Toll-like receptors
Elizabeth A Leadbetter
Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
Nature 416:603-7. 2002..The unique features of this dual-engagement pathway should facilitate the development of therapies that specifically target autoreactive B cells...Interleukin-2 signaling via STAT5 constrains T helper 17 cell generation
Arian Laurence
Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Immunity 26:371-81. 2007..We conclude that in addition to the promotion of activation-induced cell death of lymphocytes and the generation of Treg cells, inhibition of Th17 polarization appears to be an important function of IL-2...CD4+ T cell depletion during all stages of HIV disease occurs predominantly in the gastrointestinal tract
Jason M Brenchley
Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Dr, Room 3509, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
J Exp Med 200:749-59. 2004....Bcl6 and Blimp-1 are reciprocal and antagonistic regulators of T follicular helper cell differentiation
Robert J Johnston
Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology LIAI, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
Science 325:1006-10. 2009..These findings demonstrate that T(FH) cells are required for proper B cell responses in vivo and that Bcl6 and Blimp-1 play central but opposing roles in T(FH) differentiation...Retinoic acid imprints gut-homing specificity on T cells
Makoto Iwata
Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, 11 Minamiooya, Machida shi, Tokyo 194 8511, Japan
Immunity 21:527-38. 2004..These findings revealed a novel role for retinoic acid in the imprinting of gut-homing specificity on T cells...Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-kappaB by Toll-like receptor 3
L Alexopoulou
Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
Nature 413:732-8. 2001..Moreover, poly(I:C) can induce activation of NF-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases independently of MyD88, and cause dendritic cells to mature...CD107a as a functional marker for the identification of natural killer cell activity
Galit Alter
Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts, USA
J Immunol Methods 294:15-22. 2004..Cumulatively, the data presented here demonstrate that CD107a is a sensitive marker of NK cell activity...T-cell priming by dendritic cells in lymph nodes occurs in three distinct phases
Thorsten R Mempel
The CBR Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
Nature 427:154-9. 2004....Lymphoproliferative disorders with early lethality in mice deficient in Ctla-4
P Waterhouse
Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Science 270:985-8. 1995..Thus, CTLA-4 acts as a negative regulator of T cell activation and is vital for the control of lymphocyte homeostasis...Coregulation of CD8+ T cell exhaustion by multiple inhibitory receptors during chronic viral infection
Shawn D Blackburn
Immunology Program and Wistar Vaccine Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
Nat Immunol 10:29-37. 2009..Thus, CD8+ T cell responses during chronic viral infections are regulated by complex patterns of coexpressed inhibitory receptors...Foxp3+ CD25+ CD4+ natural regulatory T cells in dominant self-tolerance and autoimmune disease
Shimon Sakaguchi
Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Immunol Rev 212:8-27. 2006....Lymphocyte egress from thymus and peripheral lymphoid organs is dependent on S1P receptor 1
Mehrdad Matloubian
Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California 94143 0414, USA
Nature 427:355-60. 2004..in T-cell development before exit from the thymus, whereas S1P1 is downregulated during peripheral lymphocyte activation, and this is associated with retention in lymphoid organs...Trans-endocytosis of CD80 and CD86: a molecular basis for the cell-extrinsic function of CTLA-4
Omar S Qureshi
Medical Research Council MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
Science 332:600-3. 2011....Bcl6 mediates the development of T follicular helper cells
Roza I Nurieva
Department of Immunology, M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Science 325:1001-5. 2009..Our data thus illustrate that Bcl6 is required for programming of T(FH) cell generation...The transcription factor Myc controls metabolic reprogramming upon T lymphocyte activation
Ruoning Wang
Department of Immunology, St Jude Children s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
Immunity 35:871-82. 2011..Therefore, a Myc-dependent global metabolic transcriptome drives metabolic reprogramming in activated, primary T lymphocytes. This may represent a general mechanism for metabolic reprogramming under patho-physiological conditions...Relationship between T cell activation and CD4+ T cell count in HIV-seropositive individuals with undetectable plasma HIV RNA levels in the absence of therapy
Peter W Hunt
Positive Health Program, San Francisco General Hospital, Bldg 80, Ward 84, 995 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
J Infect Dis 197:126-33. 2008....Dendritic cells induce peripheral T cell unresponsiveness under steady state conditions in vivo
D Hawiger
Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA
J Exp Med 194:769-79. 2001..We conclude that in the absence of additional stimuli DCs induce transient antigen-specific T cell activation followed by T cell deletion and unresponsiveness...T cell activation
Jennifer E Smith-Garvin
Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
Annu Rev Immunol 27:591-619. 2009..complex (MHC) complex pSMAC: peripheral supramolecular activation cluster PTK: protein tyrosine kinase Signal transduction: biochemical events linking surface receptor engagement to cellular responses TCR: T cell antigen receptor..CD1d-restricted and TCR-mediated activation of valpha14 NKT cells by glycosylceramides
T Kawano
CREST Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Project, Japan Science and Technology Corporation JST, 1 8 1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260, Japan
Science 278:1626-9. 1997..Thus, this lymphocyte shares distinct recognition systems with either T or NK cells...Selective expression of the interleukin 7 receptor identifies effector CD8 T cells that give rise to long-lived memory cells
Susan M Kaech
Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
Nat Immunol 4:1191-8. 2003..Thus, selective expression of IL-7R identifies memory cell precursors, and this marker may be useful in predicting the number of memory T cells generated after infection or immunization...A protective function for interleukin 17A in T cell-mediated intestinal inflammation
William O'Connor
Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Nat Immunol 10:603-9. 2009..Our data demonstrate a protective function for IL-17 and identify T cells as not only the source but also a target of IL-17 in vivo...Molecular signature of CD8+ T cell exhaustion during chronic viral infection
E John Wherry
Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road Room G211, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
Immunity 27:670-84. 2007..Thus, functional exhaustion is probably due to both active suppression and passive defects in signaling and metabolism. These results provide a framework for designing rational immunotherapies during chronic infections...Toll-like receptor control of the adaptive immune responses
Akiko Iwasaki
Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
Nat Immunol 5:987-95. 2004..Recent studies have provided important clues about the mechanisms of TLR-mediated control of adaptive immunity orchestrated by dendritic cell populations in distinct anatomical locations...Loss of CTLA-4 leads to massive lymphoproliferation and fatal multiorgan tissue destruction, revealing a critical negative regulatory role of CTLA-4
E A Tivol
Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Immunity 3:541-7. 1995..In the absence of CTLA-4, peripheral T cells are activated, can spontaneously proliferate, and may mediate lethal tissue injury...The function of programmed cell death 1 and its ligands in regulating autoimmunity and infection
Arlene H Sharpe
Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
Nat Immunol 8:239-45. 2007..Here we examine the functions of PD-1 and its ligands in regulating antimicrobial and self-reactive T cell responses and discuss the therapeutic potential of manipulating this pathway...A crucial role for interleukin (IL)-1 in the induction of IL-17-producing T cells that mediate autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Caroline Sutton
Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
J Exp Med 203:1685-91. 2006..Tumor necrosis factor alpha also synergized with IL-23 to enhance IL-17 production, and this was IL-1 dependent. Our findings demonstrate that IL-1 functions upstream of IL-17 to promote pathogenic ThIL-17 cells in EAE...The interleukin 23 receptor is essential for the terminal differentiation of interleukin 17-producing effector T helper cells in vivo
Mandy J McGeachy
Schering Plough Biopharma, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
Nat Immunol 10:314-24. 2009..These defects were associated with less proliferation; consequently, fewer effector T(H)-17 cells were produced in the lymph nodes and hence available to emigrate to the bloodstream and tissues...Immune activation set point during early HIV infection predicts subsequent CD4+ T-cell changes independent of viral load
Steven G Deeks
San Francisco General Hospital, 995 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
Blood 104:942-7. 2004..These data indicate that immunologic activation set point is established early in HIV infection, and that this set point determines the rate at which CD4+ T cells are lost over time...HIV controllers exhibit potent CD8 T cell capacity to suppress HIV infection ex vivo and peculiar cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation phenotype
Asier Saez-Cirion
Unité de Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, Institut Pasteur, 75725 Paris, France
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:6776-81. 2007..This constitutive antiviral capacity of CD8(+) T cells could account for the control of viral replication in HIC...Batf3 deficiency reveals a critical role for CD8alpha+ dendritic cells in cytotoxic T cell immunity
Kai Hildner
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
Science 322:1097-100. 2008..Importantly, rejection of highly immunogenic syngeneic tumors was impaired in Batf3-/- mice. These results suggest an important role for CD8alpha+ dendritic cells and cross-presentation in responses to viruses and in tumor rejection...Helios expression is a marker of T cell activation and proliferation
Tatiana Akimova
Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children s Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
PLoS ONE 6:e24226. 2011..Since Helios expression is associated with T cell activation and cellular division, regardless of the cell subset involved, it does not appear suitable as a marker to distinguish natural and induced Treg cells...NK cell development, homeostasis and function: parallels with CD8⁺ T cells
Joseph C Sun
Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
Nat Rev Immunol 11:645-57. 2011..In this Review, we highlight the many stages that an NK cell progresses through during its remarkable lifetime, discussing similarities and differences with its close relative, the cytotoxic CD8(+) T cell...Type I interferons act directly on CD8 T cells to allow clonal expansion and memory formation in response to viral infection
Ganesh A Kolumam
Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA
J Exp Med 202:637-50. 2005..Thus, IFN-IR signaling in CD8 T cells is critical for the generation of effector and memory cells in response to viral infection...Prevalence of regulatory T cells is increased in peripheral blood and tumor microenvironment of patients with pancreas or breast adenocarcinoma
Udaya K Liyanage
Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
J Immunol 169:2756-61. 2002..These T(reg) may mitigate the immune response against cancer, and may partly explain the poor immune response against tumor Ags...Plasticity of Foxp3(+) T cells reflects promiscuous Foxp3 expression in conventional T cells but not reprogramming of regulatory T cells
Takahisa Miyao
Research Unit for Immune Homeostasis, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230 0045, Japan
Immunity 36:262-75. 2012..This study establishes that Treg cells constitute a stable cell lineage, whose committed state in a changing environment is ensured by DNA demethylation of the Foxp3 locus irrespectively of ongoing Foxp3 expression...Selective stimulation of T cell subsets with antibody-cytokine immune complexes
Onur Boyman
Department of Immunology, IMM4, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
Science 311:1924-7. 2006..Thus, different cytokine-antibody complexes can be used to selectively boost or inhibit the immune response...Regulation of interferon-gamma during innate and adaptive immune responses
Jamie R Schoenborn
Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
Adv Immunol 96:41-101. 2007....BLyS: member of the tumor necrosis factor family and B lymphocyte stimulator
P A Moore
Human Genome Sciences, 9410 Key West Avenue, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
Science 285:260-3. 1999..The B cell tropism of BLyS is consistent with its receptor expression on B-lineage cells. The biological profile of BLyS suggests it is involved in monocyte-driven B cell activation...PKC-theta is required for TCR-induced NF-kappaB activation in mature but not immature T lymphocytes
Z Sun
Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA
Nature 404:402-7. 2000..These results indicate that PKC-theta functions in a unique pathway that links the TCR signalling complex to the activation of NF-kappaB in mature T lymphocytes...Differential antigen processing by dendritic cell subsets in vivo
Diana Dudziak
Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA
Science 315:107-11. 2007..This difference in antigen processing is intrinsic to the DC subsets and is associated with increased expression of proteins involved in MHC processing...Regulatory T cells mediate maternal tolerance to the fetus
Varuna R Aluvihare
Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, United Kingdom
Nat Immunol 5:266-71. 2004..Their absence led to a failure of gestation due to immunological rejection of the fetus...Transient expression of FOXP3 in human activated nonregulatory CD4+ T cells
Jun Wang
Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Eur J Immunol 37:129-38. 2007..These data indicate that expression of endogenous FOXP3, in humans, is not sufficient to induce regulatory T cell activity or to identify T(reg) cells...HIV-specific CD8+ T cell proliferation is coupled to perforin expression and is maintained in nonprogressors
Stephen A Migueles
Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Nat Immunol 3:1061-8. 2002..In addition, the relative absence of these functions in progressors may represent a mechanism by which HIV avoids immunological control...The B7-CD28 superfamily
Arlene H Sharpe
Immunology Research Division, Department of Pathology, Brigham, and Women s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
Nat Rev Immunol 2:116-26. 2002..Here, we summarize our current understanding of the new members of the B7 and CD28 families, and discuss their therapeutic potential...Activated T cells regulate bone loss and joint destruction in adjuvant arthritis through osteoprotegerin ligand
Y Y Kong
Amgen Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Nature 402:304-9. 1999..These results show that both systemic and local T-cell activation can lead to OPGL production and subsequent bone loss, and they provide a novel paradigm for T cells as regulators of bone physiology...The NOD mouse: a model of immune dysregulation
Mark S Anderson
Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
Annu Rev Immunol 23:447-85. 2005..The information gained from this highly relevant model of human disease will lead to potential therapies that may alter the development of the disease and its progression in patients with T1D...Selective miRNA disruption in T reg cells leads to uncontrolled autoimmunity
Xuyu Zhou
Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
J Exp Med 205:1983-91. 2008..These results support a central role for miRNAs in maintaining the stability of differentiated T reg cell function in vivo and homeostasis of the adaptive immune system...Generation of T follicular helper cells is mediated by interleukin-21 but independent of T helper 1, 2, or 17 cell lineages
Roza I Nurieva
Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Immunity 29:138-49. 2008..This study thus demonstrates that Tfh is a distinct Th cell lineage...Plasma cell differentiation requires the transcription factor XBP-1
A M Reimold
Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
Nature 412:300-7. 2001..XBP-1 is the only transcription factor known to be selectively and specifically required for the terminal differentiation of B lymphocytes to plasma cells...Natural killer cells in antiviral defense: function and regulation by innate cytokines
C A Biron
Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
Annu Rev Immunol 17:189-220. 1999....Phenotype and function of human T lymphocyte subsets: consensus and issues
Victor Appay
Cellular Immunology Laboratory, INSERM U543, Avenir Group, Hopital Pitie Salpetriere, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie PARIS6, 75013 Paris, France
Cytometry A 73:975-83. 2008..Finally, we discuss the problems which still limit general agreement...Cytotoxicity mediated by T cells and natural killer cells is greatly impaired in perforin-deficient mice
D Kagi
Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
Nature 369:31-7. 1994..The mice fail to clear lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and they eliminate fibrosarcoma tumour cells with reduced efficiency. Perforin is therefore a key effector molecule for T-cell- and natural killer-cell-mediated cytolysis...Heterogeneity and plasticity of T helper cells
Jinfang Zhu
Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Cell Res 20:4-12. 2010..In this review, we summarize recent reports on heterogeneity and plasticity of Th cells, and discuss potential mechanisms and implications of such features that Th cells display...TNF/TNFR family members in costimulation of T cell responses
Tania H Watts
Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
Annu Rev Immunol 23:23-68. 2005..Despite these complexities, stimulation or blockade of TNFR family costimulators shows promise for several therapeutic applications, including cancer, infectious disease, transplantation, and autoimmunity...MAP kinases in the immune response
Chen Dong
Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195 7650, USA
Annu Rev Immunol 20:55-72. 2002..In this review, we summarize recent progress in understanding the function and regulation of MAP kinase pathways in these phases of immune responses...Emerging concepts in the immunopathogenesis of AIDS
Daniel C Douek
Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
Annu Rev Med 60:471-84. 2009....Persistent immune activation in HIV-1 infection is associated with progression to AIDS
Mette D Hazenberg
Department of Clinical Viro Immunology, Sanquin Research at CLB, Tropical Medicine and AIDS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
AIDS 17:1881-8. 2003..HIV-1 infection is characterized by chronic generalized CD8 and CD4 T cell hyperactivation, the biological effect of which is not understood...IL-21 is required to control chronic viral infection
Heidi Elsaesser
Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and University of California, Los Angeles UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
Science 324:1569-72. 2009..Thus, IL-21 specifically sustains CD8+ T cell effector activity and provides a mechanism of CD4+ T cell help during chronic viral infection...IL-4 inhibits TGF-beta-induced Foxp3+ T cells and, together with TGF-beta, generates IL-9+ IL-10+ Foxp3(-) effector T cells
Valerie Dardalhon
Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
Nat Immunol 9:1347-55. 2008..Thus IL-9(+)IL-10(+) T cells lack suppressive function and constitute a distinct population of helper-effector T cells that promote tissue inflammation...Tumor-associated B7-H1 promotes T-cell apoptosis: a potential mechanism of immune evasion
Haidong Dong
Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
Nat Med 8:793-800. 2002..These findings have implications for the design of T cell-based cancer immunotherapy...Transcription factor IRF4 controls plasma cell differentiation and class-switch recombination
Ulf Klein
Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
Nat Immunol 7:773-82. 2006..These results identify IRF4 as a crucial transcriptional 'switch' in the generation of functionally competent plasma cells...Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Nicholas Chiorazzi
Institute for Medical Research, North Shore LIJ Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
N Engl J Med 352:804-15. 2005Toll-like receptors control activation of adaptive immune responses
M Schnare
Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
Nat Immunol 2:947-50. 2001..These results suggest that distinct pathways of the innate immune system control activation of the two effector arms of adaptive immunity...CD28/B7 system of T cell costimulation
D J Lenschow
Committee on Immunology, Ben May Institute, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
Annu Rev Immunol 14:233-58. 1996..It is our hope and expectation that this review will provoke additional research that will unravel this important, yet complex, signaling pathway...Regulatory CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells in tumors from patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer and late-stage ovarian cancer
E Y Woo
Department of Surgery, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
Cancer Res 61:4766-72. 2001..Despite a generalized expression of lymphocyte activation markers in the tumor-associated T-cell populations, the CD8(+) T cells expressed low levels of CD25...Cytokine-secreting follicular T cells shape the antibody repertoire
R Lee Reinhardt
Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, USA
Nat Immunol 10:385-93. 2009..Our findings support a model in which B cells compete for cytokines produced by follicular helper T cells that shape the affinity and isotype of the antibody response...T cell receptor-proximal signals are sustained in peripheral microclusters and terminated in the central supramolecular activation cluster
Rajat Varma
Program in Molecular Pathogenesis, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
Immunity 25:117-27. 2006..Our studies reveal a role for F-actin in TCR signaling beyond microcluster formation...Regulatory T-cell suppressor program co-opts transcription factor IRF4 to control T(H)2 responses
Ye Zheng
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
Nature 458:351-6. 2009..Our results indicate that T(reg) cells use components of the transcriptional machinery, promoting a particular type of effector CD4(+) T cell differentiation, to efficiently restrain the corresponding type of the immune response...T cell activation is associated with lower CD4+ T cell gains in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with sustained viral suppression during antiretroviral therapy
Peter W Hunt
Positive Health Program, San Francisco General Hospital, and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121, USA
J Infect Dis 187:1534-43. 2003..Interventions that directly target T cell activation or the determinants of activation may prove to be useful adjuvants to antiretroviral therapy...Targeting Tim-3 and PD-1 pathways to reverse T cell exhaustion and restore anti-tumor immunity
Kaori Sakuishi
Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
J Exp Med 207:2187-94. 2010..We further find that combined targeting of the Tim-3 and PD-1 pathways is more effective in controlling tumor growth than targeting either pathway alone...Identification and functional characterization of human CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells with regulatory properties isolated from peripheral blood
H Jonuleit
Department of Dermatology, University of Mainz, D 55101 Mainz, Germany
J Exp Med 193:1285-94. 2001..However, the refractory state of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells was partially reversible by the addition of IL-2 or IL-4. These data demonstrate that human blood contains a resident T cell population with potent regulatory properties...Multifunctional CD4(+) T cells correlate with active Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Nadia Caccamo
Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
Eur J Immunol 40:2211-20. 2010..Our results suggest that phenotypic and functional signatures of CD4(+) T cells may serve as immunological correlates of protection and curative host responses, and be a useful tool to monitor the efficacy of anti-mycobacterial therapy...Inflammatory signals in dendritic cell activation and the induction of adaptive immunity
Olivier Joffre
Immunobiology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, Lincoln s Inn Fields Laboratories, London, UK
Immunol Rev 227:234-47. 2009..Here, we review the differences between PRR-triggered and cytokine-induced DC activation and speculate on a potential role for DCs activated by inflammatory signals in tolerance induction rather than immunity...IL-21 regulates germinal center B cell differentiation and proliferation through a B cell-intrinsic mechanism
Dimitra Zotos
The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia
J Exp Med 207:365-78. 2010..The absence of IL-21 or IL-21 receptor does not abrogate the appearance of T cells in GCs or the appearance of CD4 T cells with a follicular helper phenotype. IL-21 thus controls fate choices of GC B cells directly...Severe CD4+ T-cell depletion in gut lymphoid tissue during primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and substantial delay in restoration following highly active antiretroviral therapy
Moraima Guadalupe
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
J Virol 77:11708-17. 2003..Monitoring of the restoration and/or maintenance of CD4(+) T cells in GALT provides a more accurate assessment of the efficacy of antiviral host immune responses as well as HAART...Reciprocal activating interaction between natural killer cells and dendritic cells
Franca Gerosa
Department of Pathology, Section of Immunology, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy
J Exp Med 195:327-33. 2002..These data demonstrated for the first time a bidirectional cross talk between NK cells and DC, in which NK cells activated by IL-2 or by mature DC induce DC maturation...Interleukin-7 mediates the homeostasis of naïve and memory CD8 T cells in vivo
K S Schluns
Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
Nat Immunol 1:426-32. 2000..Homeostatic proliferation of memory cells was also partially dependent on IL-7. These results point to IL-7 as a pivotal cytokine in T cell homeostasis...Control of B-cell responses by Toll-like receptors
Chandrashekhar Pasare
Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
Nature 438:364-8. 2005..We find that, in addition to CD4+ T-cell help, generation of T-dependent antigen-specific antibody responses requires activation of TLRs in B cells...Effect of raltegravir-containing intensification on HIV burden and T-cell activation in multiple gut sites of HIV-positive adults on suppressive antiretroviral therapy
Steven A Yukl
San Francisco VA Medical Center SFVAMC and University of California, San Francisco UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
AIDS 24:2451-60. 2010..To determine whether raltegravir-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART) intensification reduces HIV levels in the gut...Small-molecule screening using a human primary cell model of HIV latency identifies compounds that reverse latency without cellular activation
Hung Chih Yang
Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
J Clin Invest 119:3473-86. 2009..Our study expands the number of classes of latency-reversing therapeutics and demonstrates the utility of this in vitro model for finding strategies to eradicate HIV-1 infection...An emerging player in the adaptive immune response: microRNA-146a is a modulator of IL-2 expression and activation-induced cell death in T lymphocytes
Graziella Curtale
Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Cellulari ed Ematologia, Sezione di Genetica Molecolare, Universita di Roma, Rome, Italy
Blood 115:265-73. 2010..Furthermore, miR-146a enforced expression impairs both activator protein 1 (AP-1) activity and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production induced by TCR engagement, thus suggesting a role of this miRNA in the modulation of adaptive immunity...T-bet is a STAT1-induced regulator of IL-12R expression in naïve CD4+ T cells
Maryam Afkarian
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8118, 660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
Nat Immunol 3:549-57. 2002..Thus, T-bet is induced by IFN-gamma and STAT1 signaling during T cell activation. In addition, T-bet mediates STAT1-dependent processes of T(H)1 development, including the induction of IL-12Rbeta2...Immune activation and inflammation in HIV-1 infection: causes and consequences
V Appay
Cellular Immunology Laboratory, INSERM U543, Hopital Pitie Salpetriere, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie PARIS6, Paris, France
J Pathol 214:231-41. 2008..A simplified model of HIV pathogenesis is proposed, which links together the three major facets of HIV-1 infection: the massive depletion of CD4(+) T cells, the paradoxical immune activation and the exhaustion of regenerative capacity...Class switch recombination and hypermutation require activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a potential RNA editing enzyme
M Muramatsu
Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Japan
Cell 102:553-63. 2000..These results suggest that AID may be involved in regulation or catalysis of the DNA modification step of both class switching and somatic hypermutation...Dendritic cells require a systemic type I interferon response to mature and induce CD4+ Th1 immunity with poly IC as adjuvant
M Paula Longhi
Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology and Chris Browne Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
J Exp Med 206:1589-602. 2009..Therefore, the adjuvant action of poly IC requires a widespread innate type I IFN response that directly links antigen presentation by DCs to adaptive immunity...CD40-CD40 ligand
C van Kooten
Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
J Leukoc Biol 67:2-17. 2000....MicroRNA-155 modulates the interleukin-1 signaling pathway in activated human monocyte-derived dendritic cells
Maurizio Ceppi
Centre d immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Universite de la Mediterranee, Case 906, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:2735-40. 2009..Our observations suggest, therefore, that in mature human DCs, miR-155 is part of a negative feedback loop, which down-modulates inflammatory cytokine production in response to microbial stimuli...Reduced inflammation in the tumor microenvironment delays the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and limits tumor progression
Stephanie K Bunt
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
Cancer Res 67:10019-26. 2007....CD4(+)CD25(+) immunoregulatory T cells: gene expression analysis reveals a functional role for the glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor
Rebecca S McHugh
Cellular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Immunity 16:311-23. 2002..Importantly, antibodies to GITR abrogated suppression, demonstrating a functional role for this receptor in regulating the CD4(+)CD25(+) T cell subset...
Research Grants
- Study of zidovudine addition in HIV-associated neurocognitive disordersAlbert Anderson; Fiscal Year: 2013..fluid (CSF) biomarkers as indicators of HAND activity, and the incompletely defined role of monocyte and lymphocyte activation in HIV neuropathogenesis...
- Identifying underlying mechanisms of intracellular changes in response to caregivMELANIE SARAH FLINT; Fiscal Year: 2013..Psychological stress has been reported to affect several aspects of immunity including lymphocyte activation and migration...
- Fnip1 Function in Lymphocyte Development, Activation and MetabolismBrian M Iritani; Fiscal Year: 2013..Warburg effect") is highly significant because it could lead to novel strategies to selectively block lymphocyte activation in autoimmune disease, and/or inhibit cancer cell survival...
- Abdominal Symptom Phenotypes: Pathways to New BiomarkersRobert Shulman; Fiscal Year: 2010..Collect diary data, urine samples for proteomics, serum for lymphocyte activation, cytokine expression and perform DNIC and video capsule endoscopy procedures...
- Antigen receptor inputs: linking structural, molecular, and cellular responsesJonathan P Schneck; Fiscal Year: 2012..These investigators bring innovative technology and incisive ideas to bear on the problem of lymphocyte activation and its regulation...
- New Peptides for the Treatment of Multiple SclerosisChristine Beeton; Fiscal Year: 2013..Aim 2 we will assess ShK analogs for their in vitro potency, selectivity, stability, and effects on T lymphocyte activation, and PEGylate them to increase their circulating half-life...
- Glucose energy metabolism in the growth and survival of B lymphocytesTHOMAS CRANE CHILES; Fiscal Year: 2010..real-time to meet the changing bioenergetic and de novo macromolecular synthetic demands associated with B lymphocyte activation. This is achieved by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K)-dependent signaling that targets several ..
- The role of regulatory T cells in biliary atresiaAlexander Miethke; Fiscal Year: 2013..overarching hypothesis that Tregs protect from neonatal bile duct injury through local control of effector lymphocyte activation. This hypothesis will be tested in three overlapping specific aims: 1) to determine the mechanisms by ..
- Novel mechanisms of immune activation following allogeneic, hematopoietic stem ceJOHN JAMES LETTERIO; Fiscal Year: 2013..Recently, our group was the first to implicate a role for Cdk5 in lymphocyte activation by 1) developing a new chimeric mouse model in which hematopoietic stem cells from Cdk5 deficient (Cdk5-/-)..
- Stress-induced hypertension and the role of the neuroimmune systemPAUL MARVAR; Fiscal Year: 2012..hypertension and that this CRH- and BNST involvement in hypertension is dependent on increased T lymphocyte activation and peripheral vascular inflammation...
- B cell metabolism in activation and autoantibody productionJeffrey C Rathmell; Fiscal Year: 2013..We have shown that cellular metabolism is highly regulated in lymphocyte activation and that while resting T cells rely on an oxidative metabolism, activation leads to a metabolic ..
- Shared Mechanisms of Pulmonary Lymphocyte Activation by Bacteria and ToxicantsMichael Borchers; Fiscal Year: 2010..To understand shared roles and mechanisms of lymphocyte activation following bacterial infection and toxicant exposure, we will study epithelial cell lymphocyte interactions ..
- MicroRNA regulation of human T and B cell activationDaniel R Salomon; Fiscal Year: 2013..of human immunity by targeting key differentially and constitutively expressed genes regulating T and B lymphocyte activation, differentiation and survival...
- Spinning Disk Confocoal MicroscopeJudy Drazba; Fiscal Year: 2010..Fox), regulation of B lymphocyte activation, proliferation, and motility by plasma membrane-actin cytoskeletal remodeling (Dr...
- Immunity and the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysmsJOHN HUNT LILLVIS; Fiscal Year: 2012..By screening immune-related genes for risk alleles and evaluating the expression of cytotoxic lymphocyte activation pathways in AAA tissue, this proposal will test the hypothesis that genes that confer immunity play an ..
- Function and regulation of TRPM7 Mg2+-inhibited cation channelsJULIUSZ ASHOT KOZAK; Fiscal Year: 2010DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): T-lymphocyte activation is accompanied by calcium ion (Ca2+) mobilization, alkalinization, blast transformation (enlargement) and membrane potential changes...
- Inflammatory Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies for Atherosclerosis in HIVSTEVEN KYLE GRINSPOON; Fiscal Year: 2013..in the monocyte repertoire with expansion of the proinflammatory CD14+CD16+ monocyte subset and T lymphocyte activation. Furthermore, HIV viral factors are being recognized to possibly contribute to atherogenesis...
- Role of calcium and reactive oxygen species in toxicant-induced immune failureMohamed Trebak; Fiscal Year: 2009..Elevation of intracellular free Ca2+ and ROS levels play a central role in lymphocyte activation in response to antigenic stimulation...
- Molecular and Cellular Characterization of Myeloproliferative DiseaseKATHLEEN MIHO SAKAMOTO; Fiscal Year: 2010..These studies will provide new insights into the molecular pathways leading to MPD. ..
- A prospective analysis of peripheral blood cytokines and non-Hodgkin lymphomaBrenda M Birmann; Fiscal Year: 2013..mediate human immune responses and may be associated with NHL risk by virtue of their roles in B and T lymphocyte activation and inflammation...
- Generation of an ITK Biosensor Tool BoxConstantine D Tsoukas; Fiscal Year: 2010..Intracellular molecules known as Tyrosine Kinases are key regulators of lymphocyte activation. The Inducible T cell Kinase (ITK), we propose to study here, represents one of these tyrosine kinases...
- Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) affects 1gM Production via IL-2Margie M Peden Adams; Fiscal Year: 2010..and immunized experiments will be conducted to control for possible differences in responses related to lymphocyte activation from the immunization used to determine decreased antibody production...
- Retrovirus Models of Lymphocyte Transformation and DiseasePATRICK LEE GREEN; Fiscal Year: 2012..abstract_text> ..
- PTPN22 and AutoimmunityNunzio Bottini; Fiscal Year: 2012..tyrosine phosphatase LYP, which is expressed only in white blood cells and acts as a gatekeeper for T lymphocyte activation. We reported what was to us the remarkable and seminal observation that a missense single-nucleotide ..
- The Role of Microglia during TMEV-IDD in the Adult MouseDANNE S DUNCAN; Fiscal Year: 2010..to enhance antigen presentation (co- stimulation and major histocompatibility complex expression &T lymphocyte activation and proliferation) properties at distinct (anti-viral and anti-myelin) phases of TMEV-IDD using in vitro ..
- Impact of Chemotherapy and Stem Cell Transplant on HIV-1 Reservoir DynamicsTIMOTHY JENSEN HENRICH; Fiscal Year: 2013..malignancy on peripheral blood and bone marrow reservoir size, 2) study the changes in residual viremia, lymphocyte activation, and HIV-specific immune responses before and after chemotherapy, and, 3) investigate the effects of ..
- Indoleamine 2,3 Dioxygenase in Colitis Associated CancerMATTHEW AARON CIORBA; Fiscal Year: 2013..IDO is seen as acting through the inhibition of lymphocyte activation. Our evidence shows that IDO is highly expressed in gut epithelial cells in response to inflammation and ..
- Immunologic Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Subsets in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)MARY A FLETCHER; Fiscal Year: 2011..Specific Aim 1 will determine the relationship of immune markers related to lymphocyte cytotoxic function, lymphocyte activation and inflammation to symptom severity over the 18 months of observation...
- Regulation of T cell activation and tolerance by GrailROZA INSAFETDINOVNA NURIEVA; Fiscal Year: 2013Abstract T lymphocyte activation is tightly regulated to ensure effective elimination of invading pathogens as well as maintaining tolerance against self-tissues...
- Glucose Transport in Regulation of T Cell Activation and InflammationJeffrey C Rathmell; Fiscal Year: 2012DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Lymphocyte activation must be controlled to allow proper immunity while preventing inappropriate inflammatory immune responses...
- TYROSINE PROTEIN KINASES AND LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATIONRobert L Geahlen; Fiscal Year: 2011..abstract_text> ..
- Ontogeny and function of zebrafish antigen presenting cellsDavid Traver; Fiscal Year: 2011..The mechanisms of lymphocyte activation in lower vertebrates, however, are largely unknown...
- Role of the Nlrp3 Inflammasome in Adaptive ImmunitySTEPHANIE CAROLINE EISENBARTH; Fiscal Year: 2013..cells, resulting in the release of IL-1 family members, which provide requisite priming signals for lymphocyte activation. [Using Nlrp3, conditional caspase-1, IL-1RI and other knockout mouse lines, both in vitro and in vivo ..
- CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASERamnik J Xavier; Fiscal Year: 2013..the development and characterization of new genetic mouse models of IBD, delineation of mechanisms of lymphocyte activation and leukocyte recruitment to sites of inflammation, characterization of mechanisms of innate immune ..
- Biomarkers of Immunologic Function and Preterm Respiratory OutcomesAlan H Jobe; Fiscal Year: 2013..Aim 1 will test for sustained pro-inflammatory Th17 lymphocyte activation during the progression of BPD...
- CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION IN VITRO AND IN VIVOMATTHEW FRANKLIN MESCHER; Fiscal Year: 2013..abstract_text> ..
- Proinflammatory Effects Of Acute Alcohol Ingestion in HumansMajid Afshar; Fiscal Year: 2013..40;95% Confidence Interval 1.22-1.60;p<0.0001). Our pilot study of ex vivo blood lymphocyte activation in human subjects that consumed alcohol to simulate binge drinking showed substantially increased PHA-..
- SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION IN T LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATIONAmnon Altman; Fiscal Year: 2013..The new information will likely provide a rational basis for using PKC[unreadable] as a drug target in autoimmune and allergic diseases, and in T cell malignancies. ..
- Multiple Tumor Antigen-loaded DC Vaccine for Hepatocellular CancerLISA HELENE BUTTERFIELD; Fiscal Year: 2013..A.2 Specific Aim 2. Lymphocyte activation. In this aim, we will analyze the result of presentation of the full length antigens (AFP, GPC3) and MHC ..
- IMMUNOBIOLOGY OF NORMAL AND NEOPLASTIC LYMPHOCYTESWarren S Pear; Fiscal Year: 2013....
- FASEB SRC on Molecular Mechanisms of Immune Cell Development and FunctionEllen V Rothenberg; Fiscal Year: 2011..regulatory networks, (6) Peripheral differentiation and lymphocyte dynamics, (7) Immune responses, (8) Lymphocyte activation, and (9) Innate immunity...
- Lymphocyte Activation and Gene ExpressionAndrew D Robertson; Fiscal Year: 2010..This proposal is to request support for a Keystone Symposia meeting entitled Lymphocyte Activation and Gene Expression, organized by Leslie J. Berg, Lawrence E. Samelson and Facundo D...
- Role of viral APH-2 in HTLV-2 replication and persistencePATRICK LEE GREEN; Fiscal Year: 2013....
- Solving the elusive mechanism of rapamycin action in lymphocytesDavid A Fruman; Fiscal Year: 2013..There are two S6 kinases, S6K1 and S6K2, but their roles in lymphocyte activation and proliferation have not been reported...
- Role of Chemokines on C8+ Tau cell Effector Functions during MCMV infectionTANIA NEVERS; Fiscal Year: 2010..T lymphocyte activation, particularly CD8+ T cells, are required to limit virus-associated tissue damage and the promotion of ..
- Biochemical Characterization of the Regulatory T-cell Protein LAG-3.Zarixia Zavala Ruiz; Fiscal Year: 2010..provided by applicant): The goal of this proposal is to characterize the regulatory T-cell protein lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG- 3)...
- Lymphocyte Activation in Sickle Cell Lung DiseaseJoel M Linden; Fiscal Year: 2013..Hypothesis: Patients with SCD will have elevated iNKT cell numbers, CXCR3 expression and intracellular IFN that will be correlated to some parameters of disease severity. ..
- Lymphocyte-Bound Complement Activation Products: Clues to SLE PathogenesisChau Ching Liu; Fiscal Year: 2011..prototypic systemic autoimmune disease, is characterized by aberrant immune responses including polyclonal lymphocyte activation, autoantibody production, immune complex formation, and complement activation...
- Molecular and Structural Basis for T Cell CostimulationStanley G Nathenson; Fiscal Year: 2012..recent structural studies on newly described costimulatory molecules, including members of the Signaling Lymphocyte Activation Molecule (SLAM), T cell Immunoglobulin Mucin (TIM) and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) families, have ..
- Tyrosine Kinases and Lymphocyte ActivationRobert L Geahlen; Fiscal Year: 2013....
- Analysis of Lag-3 in Regulatory T Cell Function and Immune SupressionCharles G Drake; Fiscal Year: 2012DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Among the various molecules that regulate T cell function, Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 (LAG-3) has garnered significant recent interest. LAG-3 is a CD4 homolog originally cloned in 1990...
- Characterization of LC3-Associated PhagocytosisJennifer Martinez; Fiscal Year: 2013..A recent report has described T and B cell hyperactivity, leading to dysregulated lymphocyte activation and autoimmunity, in mice deficient for Tim4, a phosphatidylserine receptor on phagocytes that facilitates ..
- Regulation of CARD11 signaling in normal and dysregulated lymphocyte developmentJoel L Pomerantz; Fiscal Year: 2013..by applicant): Antigen receptor signaling to NF-?B is a highly regulated, critical pathway for B and T lymphocyte activation during the adaptive immune response...
- RESEARCH TRAINING IN IMMUNOLOGYDavid H Sherr; Fiscal Year: 2013..This program is intended to train the next generation of basic and translational investigators to develop novel treatments for immunologically based diseases and new strategies for vaccine development. ..
- Genetics, Immunology and Repair in Multiple SclerosisAndrew D Robertson; Fiscal Year: 2010..There will be a focus on the immunopathogenesis of MS including pre-active MS lesions, mechanisms of lymphocyte activation, the B cell and trafficking of cells across the blood brain barrier...
- Neuropsychological Benefits of Cognitive Training in Ugandan HIV ChildrenMICHAEL JOSEPH BOIVIN; Fiscal Year: 2012..greater gains than those not on ART, and HIV subtype D children will have lower viral loads and higher lymphocyte activation levels, resulting in greater gains from CCRT (Study Aim 3)...
- Modulation of the early host response to SIV in pathogenic infectionAmitinder Kaur; Fiscal Year: 2013..that increased TRAIL production leading to increased CD4+ T lymphocyte apoptosis initiates bystander T lymphocyte activation and is critical to the development of chronic immune activation and AIDS progression following pathogenic ..
- HVEM-BTLA Pathway in LymphomaCarl F Ware; Fiscal Year: 2013..Ig superfamily protein, BTLA (B and T lymphocyte attenuator) form a novel signaling network that regulates lymphocyte activation and proliferation...
- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF IMMUNOLOGIC LUNG DISEASEKathleen Kreiss; Fiscal Year: 1991..This proposal is the critical step in development of a screening test for the prevention of beryllium disease among the 800,000 Americans who have had industrial exposure to beryllium...
- Regulation of Lymphocyte SignalingJAMES WAVELL AIKEN; Fiscal Year: 2012..Key individual components of signaling pathways that control lymphocyte activation have been identified...
- MODULATION OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE BY VITAMIN DWilliam Rigby; Fiscal Year: 1993..not resting lymphocytes led to the discovery by our laboratory that calcitriol was a potent inhibitor of T lymphocyte activation and lymphokine production...
- Mechanistic Studies of HIV-exposed Seronegative IndividualsOtto O Yang; Fiscal Year: 2012..by exploring the overarching hypothesis that innate immune reactivity is a key determinant of CD4+ T lymphocyte activation at mucosal surfaces, and therefore a key determinant of susceptibility to HIV-1 infection of an individual...
- COCAINE AND CATECHOLAMINE EFFECTS ON T LYMPHOCYTESThomas Klein; Fiscal Year: 1993..the studies proposed, we will examine in detail several signal transduction molecular pathways involved in lymphocyte activation in order to obtain a clearer understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in these cocaine effects...
- Role of TRAF1 in signaling by TNFR2 family membersErdyni Tsitsikov; Fiscal Year: 2007..of biological processes including the acute phase response, cell growth and apoptosis, inflammation and lymphocyte activation. TNF has two receptors: TNFR1and TNFR2...
- The Role of Dendritic Cells in Renal Immune ResponsesKarl Nath; Fiscal Year: 2007..The mechanisms underlying T-lymphocyte activation in kidney disease are poorly understood, as are the mechanisms that prevent immune activation in the ..
- Mechanisms for SIV evasion of vaccine immunity: Role of FasL-mediated cell deathCHARLES PAUZA; Fiscal Year: 2009Acute HIV infection is accompanied by a wave of lymphocyte activation and depletion that likely includes both infected and uninfected cells...